Degree Date
8-2026
Document Type
Dissertation - Public Access
Degree Name
Psy.D. Doctor of Clinical Psychology
Academic Discipline
Clinical Psychology
First Advisor
Crystal Collier, Psy.D
Second Advisor
Gary Howell, Psy.D
Abstract
This literature review examined gang involvement among young Black men in the United States and explored the factors that contribute to joining gangs and the consequences that may follow. The first chapter provides a brief history of gang involvement in Black communities and introduces Erikson’s development model, self-determination theory, and the minorities’ diminished returns as the three theoretical frameworks. The second chapter discusses common challenges faced by young Black men who are currently involved in gangs or are at risk of joining. The chapter explores issues such as life expectancy after gang involvement, adverse childhood experiences, mental health concerns, and overall physical and emotional well-being. The third chapter examines risk factors, protective factors, and prosocial influences related to gang involvement. It also considers whether gangs may meet certain unmet social or emotional needs, such as belonging, identity, or protection, while highlighting the contradiction that gangs may provide a sense of support despite encouraging harmful or antisocial behavior. The fourth chapter reviews therapeutic approaches and community interventions, including trauma informed care that may help address the root causes of gang affiliation or involvement and support young Black men transitioning into healthier environments. The primary goal of the final chapter is to develop a clinical guideline to help mental health professionals better understand and support at-risk young Black men across the United States and to discuss clinical implications, limitations of the study, and recommendations for future research and practice.
Recommended Citation
Juarez, Ceauna L., "Pathways to the Streets: A Proposed Model Examining the Factors Influencing Gang Affiliation and Involvement Among Young Black Men in the United States" (2026). Dissertations. 1012.
https://digitalcommons.nl.edu/diss/1012
Included in
Child Psychology Commons, Clinical Psychology Commons, Developmental Psychology Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, Growth and Development Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, Multicultural Psychology Commons, Place and Environment Commons, Race and Ethnicity Commons, Social Justice Commons, Social Psychology Commons