Degree Date

7-2026

Document Type

Dissertation - Public Access

Degree Name

Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy

Academic Discipline

Counselor Education and Supervision

First Advisor

Dr. Martin Wesley

Second Advisor

Dr. Robert Lima

Third Advisor

Dr. Laura Schmuldt

Abstract

School safety practices can influence students' perceptions of safety, emotional well-being, and engagement in the educational environment; however, limited research has examined whether trauma-informed safety drill practices are associated with measurable educational outcomes. The purpose of this quantitative, non-experimental, correlational study was to examine the relationship between trauma-informed safety drill practices and school-level chronic absenteeism in Maine middle and high schools. Guided by trauma-informed care, adolescent neurodevelopment, and Protection Motivation Theory, the study investigated whether higher levels of trauma-informed implementation of safety drills, as measured by the Trauma-Informed Safety Drill Practices Index (TISDPI), were associated with lower rates of chronic absenteeism and significantly predicted school-level absenteeism. Data were collected from 85 Maine middle and high schools using the Trauma-Informed Safety Drill Practices Index (TISDPI) and publicly available chronic absenteeism data from the Maine Department of Education. Descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation, and simple linear regression analyses were conducted. Results indicated a statistically significant negative relationship between TISDPI scores and chronic absenteeism rates, r(83) = −.616, p < .001. Regression analyses demonstrated that trauma-informed safety drill practices significantly predicted chronic absenteeism, accounting for approximately 38% of the variance in absenteeism rates. Findings provide preliminary evidence that greater implementation of trauma-informed safety drill practices may be associated with lower rates of chronic absenteeism, suggesting a potential link between trauma-informed school safety practices and student engagement. Implications for school counselors, school safety teams, educational leaders, and policymakers are discussed, along with recommendations for future research examining trauma-informed approaches to school safety.

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