Degree Date

6-2020

Document Type

Dissertation - Public Access

Degree Name

Psy.D. Doctor of Clinical Psychology

Academic Discipline

Clinical Psychology - Florida School of Professional Psychology

First Advisor

Dr. Patricia S. Dixon, Psy.D.

Second Advisor

Dr. Gary Howell, Psy.D.

Abstract

The use of spanking as a form of discipline for children is a controversial issue. Even so, it is a practice that the majority of American parents have used to correct behavioral concerns within their children (Straus, 2010). Further, Black parents have been noted to use spanking more frequently than other ethnic groups (Berlin et al., 2009). Most research focuses on the negative implications of spanking on children’s development and outcomes, but some research suggests that outcomes differ for children from different ethnic groups with Black children showing more favorable outcomes. Many variables, such as parental warmth exhibited in the parent-child relationship, parental endorsement of spanking, and cultural norms, have been researched to explain what moderates the outcomes. This review focuses on racial socialization as a moderating variable that helps explain the favorable outcomes among Black American youths to consider the use of spanking through the lens of an emic perspective that promotes cultural sensitivity and informs culturally appropriate and responsive therapeutic services.

Comments

Abstract. i

Copyright Notice. ii

Dedication. iii

Acknowledgements. iv

Table of Contents. v

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION. 1

Outcomes of Spanking. 2

Outcomes for Black American Children. 6

Moderating Variables Examined in the Literature. 8

Maternal warmth. 8

Parental endorsement. 9

Cultural normality. 10

Racial Socialization in Black American Families. 11

Research on Black American Parenting and Discipline. 13

Black American positive parenting practices. 15

The Impact of Racial Socialization on Black Americans. 16

Protective qualities of racial socialization. 18

Purpose of Study. 20

CHAPTER II: METHODS OF RACIAL SOCIALIZATION IN BLACK AMERICAN FAMILIES. 21

Racial Socialization Categories. 21

Racial Socialization Dimensions. 24

CHAPTER III: SPANKING AS A PROTECTIVE FACTOR FOR BLACK AMERICAN CHILDREN. 26

The Protective Pathway of Racial Socialization. 27

Protection of racial socialization within parenting style. 27

CHAPTER IV: EXAMINING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SPANKING AND RACIAL SOCIALIZATION. 30

The Role of Discipline in Socialization. 32

Linking Spanking and the Racial Socialization Category Preparation for Bias. 33

CHAPTER V: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS. 34

Limitations. 35

Implications. 37

Conclusion. 41

References. 43

Appendix. 57

View Full Text

Included in

Psychology Commons

Share

COinS